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\nLos Mercados El\u00e9ctricos Latinoamericanos, donde se ubica la regi\u00f3n CIER, tienen poco m\u00e1s de 100 a\u00f1os de existencia. Tan solo 10 a\u00f1os atr\u00e1s esta regi\u00f3n se alimentaba casi exclusivamente, y como hab\u00eda ocurrido desde su origen, con centrales hidroel\u00e9ctricas de gran porte y centrales t\u00e9rmicas alimentadas por combustibles f\u00f3siles.<\/p>\n
Impulsada por una toma de conciencia ambiental frente a la evidencia de los efectos del cambio clim\u00e1tico y tambi\u00e9n por las incertidumbres sobre los costos de los combustibles f\u00f3siles siempre asociados a cuestiones geopol\u00edticas, comenzaron a surgir, al principio muy t\u00edmidamente, las llamadas Energ\u00edas Renovables No Convencionales (ERNC).<\/p>\n
Este t\u00e9rmino ERNC incluye a la energ\u00eda e\u00f3lica, a la solar (tanto fotovoltaica como t\u00e9rmica) a la biomasa, a la geot\u00e9rmica y a la mini hidr\u00e1ulica.<\/p>\n
Por sus caracter\u00edsticas intr\u00ednsecas de ser auto despachable o auto gestionable, debido a depender de un recurso natural no almacenable, se las vio desde un principio con capacidad solamente marginal para contribuir a la soluci\u00f3n de los problemas energ\u00e9ticos. Incluso autoridades que las impulsaban dec\u00edan frases como \u201cno pretendemos que sea la soluci\u00f3n definitiva, pero s\u00ed que hagan su contribuci\u00f3n al desarrollo energ\u00e9tico\u201d.<\/p>\n
El advenimiento de las ERNC vino de la mano de algunos mitos que actuaron como barreras para su desarrollo, entre ellos se pueden mencionar:<\/p>\n
Sin embargo, poco a poco las ERNC, asociadas a un gran avance tecnol\u00f3gico, fueron derribando esas barreras o mitos.<\/p>\n
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Hoy nadie duda de la calidad de energ\u00eda que producen las ERNC. De hecho, han vuelto obsoletas normas creadas para controlar los perjuicios que ellas tra\u00edan a los sistemas el\u00e9ctricos.<\/p>\n
Las subastas realizadas en los pa\u00edses de la regi\u00f3n CIER han demostrado que son muy competitivas desde el punto de vista econ\u00f3mico.<\/p>\n
Su asociaci\u00f3n en la operaci\u00f3n conjunta con centrales hidroel\u00e9ctricas y su dispersi\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica han eliminado el problema de las variaciones de potencia, demostrando que las hidroel\u00e9ctricas convencionales y las ERNC forman un \u201cmatrimonio ideal\u201d.<\/p>\n
Los factores de capacidad alcanzados por las ERNC son similares a los de las hidroel\u00e9ctricas (raz\u00f3n de ser de los sistemas de transmisi\u00f3n) por lo que son perfectamente compatibles con los sistemas de transmisi\u00f3n existentes y adem\u00e1s, debido a que generalmente se trata de generaci\u00f3n distribuida, contribuyen a aliviar la congesti\u00f3n en el transporte.<\/p>\n
Si bien los reglamentos actuales que regulan los mercados el\u00e9ctricos no reconocen potencia firme de las ERNC, por que no la tienen en el sentido convencional, s\u00ed es cierto que colaboran en forma sustancial en disminuir las necesidades de potencia firme de los sistemas que integran, aumentando la confiabilidad de los mismos, raz\u00f3n de ser de la definici\u00f3n y exigencia de potencia firme.<\/p>\n
Por otro lado la dispersi\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica de las ERNC disminuye las variaciones de su producci\u00f3n, aumentando su \u201cfirmeza\u201d y haciendo necesario la existencia de interconexiones internacionales. Basado en mi experiencia personal de casi 40 a\u00f1os lidiando con la operaci\u00f3n de centrales de generaci\u00f3n de tipo muy variado, estoy convencido que el futuro de Am\u00e9rica Latina puede ser 100 % renovable. Para eso ser\u00e1 necesario cambiar los paradigmas de c\u00f3mo operar los sistemas el\u00e9ctricos, es decir que se deben operar teniendo en cuenta las caracter\u00edsticas de las ERNC y no hacerlo como si se tratara de fuentes convencionales. Habr\u00e1 que adaptar los reglamentos del mercado a las nuevas realidades. La energ\u00eda hidroel\u00e9ctrica convencional y eventualmente con bombeo ser\u00e1 la que logre hacer gestionable a las ERNC. Las centrales t\u00e9rmicas deber\u00e1n adaptarse a su nuevo rol de \u201crespaldo de los sistemas el\u00e9ctricos\u201d.<\/p>\n
Finalmente, creo firmemente que las ERNC ser\u00e1n los catalizadores de las interconexiones internacionales, raz\u00f3n de ser de nuestra querida CIER.<\/p>\n
Fuente: CIER \u2013 Revista N\u00ba72\u00a0 – www.cier.org<\/p>\n
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The Latin American Electric Markets, where the CIER region is located, have little over 100 years of existence. Only 10 years ago this region was fed almost exclusively, and as had happened since its origin, with large hydroelectric power stations and fossil fuel power stations.<\/p>\n
Driven by an environmental awareness based on the evidence of the effects of climate change and also by the uncertainties about the costs of fossil fuels always associated with geopolitical issues, the so-called \u00bb Non-Conventional Renewable Energies\u00bb (NCRE) began to emerge.
\nThis term NCRE includes wind energy, solar (both photovoltaic and thermal), biomass, geothermal, and small hydro.<\/p>\n
Due to the intrinsic characteristics of being self-manageable, and a dependence on a non-storable natural resource, they were seen from the outset with only marginal capacity to contribute to the solution of energy problems. Even authorities that encouraged them said phrases like \u00abwe do not pretend to be the definitive solution, but they do make their contribution to energy development.\u00bb<\/p>\n
The advent of the NCRE came along with some myths that acted as barriers to its development, these included:<\/p>\n
However, the NCREs were gradually associated with a great technological advance, and brought down these barriers or myths.<\/p>\n
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Today, no one doubts the quality and benefits of energy produced by NCREs.<\/p>\n
Auctions held in the countries of the CIER region have shown that they are highly competitive from an economic stand point.<\/p>\n
Their association in the joint operation with hydroelectric power stations and their geographic dispersion have eliminated the problem of variations in power, demonstrating that conventional hydroelectric plants and NCREs form an \u00abideal alliance\u00bb.<\/p>\n
The capacity factors achieved by the NCREs are similar to those of hydroelectric plants, so they are perfectly compatible with existing transmission systems and, in addition, because they are generally distributed generation, they contribute to alleviate congestion in transport.<\/p>\n
Although the current regulations regulating electric markets do not recognize firm strength of the NCREs, it is true that these energies collaborate in a substantial way in diminishing the firm power needs of the systems that are integrated and increase the reliability of the same; reason of being of the definition and requirement of firm power.\u00a0\u00a0On the other hand, the geographic dispersion of the NCRE reduces the variations of its production, increasing its \u00abfirmness\u00bb and making international interconnections necessary. Based on my personal experience of almost 40 years dealing with the operation of generation plants of a very varied type, I am convinced that the future of Latin America can be 100% renewable. For that it will be necessary to change the paradigms of how to operate the electrical systems, that is to say that they must be operated taking into account the characteristics of the NCRE and not to do it as if it were conventional sources. Market regulations will have to be adapted to the new realities. The conventional hydroelectric power, and eventually with pumping, will achieve making manageable the NCREs. The thermal power plants will have to adapt to their new role of \u00abbackup of the electrical systems\u00bb.<\/p>\n
Finally, I firmly believe that the NCREs will be the boosters of international interconnections, reason of being of our beloved CIER.<\/p>\n
Source: CIER \u2013 www.cier.org<\/p>\n
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[tp lang=\u00bbes\u00bb not_in=\u00bben\u00bb] Los Mercados El\u00e9ctricos Latinoamericanos, donde se ubica la regi\u00f3n CIER, tienen poco m\u00e1s de 100 a\u00f1os de existencia. Tan solo 10 a\u00f1os atr\u00e1s esta regi\u00f3n se alimentaba casi exclusivamente, y como hab\u00eda ocurrido desde su origen, con centrales hidroel\u00e9ctricas de gran porte y centrales t\u00e9rmicas alimentadas por combustibles f\u00f3siles. Impulsada por una […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[48,31,59,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-715","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-medio-ambiente","category-recurso-eolico","category-recurso-solar","category-ventus"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ventus.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/715","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ventus.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ventus.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ventus.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ventus.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=715"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/ventus.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/715\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":729,"href":"https:\/\/ventus.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/715\/revisions\/729"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ventus.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=715"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ventus.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=715"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ventus.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=715"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}