{"id":466,"date":"2016-11-15T18:43:00","date_gmt":"2016-11-15T18:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ventus.global\/blog\/?p=466"},"modified":"2016-11-21T22:24:46","modified_gmt":"2016-11-21T22:24:46","slug":"las-renovables-no-convencionales-experiencias-en-el-mundo-y-sus-evidentes-beneficios","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ventus.global\/blog\/las-renovables-no-convencionales-experiencias-en-el-mundo-y-sus-evidentes-beneficios\/","title":{"rendered":"LAS RENOVABLES NO CONVENCIONALES: EXPERIENCIAS EN EL MUNDO Y SUS EVIDENTES BENEFICIOS"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Oscar<\/p>\n

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La generaci\u00f3n de energ\u00edas renovables no convencionales se produce cuando hay recursos, se autogestiona, se automaneja: depende de variables clim\u00e1ticas como el sol y el viento, por ejemplo. Por eso, las renovables no convencionales son muy buenas porque no tienen costo variable: el recurso que utilizan equivale a cero. Necesitan una inversi\u00f3n inicial y despu\u00e9s utilizan los recursos naturales; adem\u00e1s, desde el punto de vista del medio ambiente, son muy buenas porque no emiten di\u00f3xido de carbono (CO2), que genera el problema del \u201cefecto invernadero\u201d. La naturaleza enterr\u00f3 durante miles de a\u00f1os el carb\u00f3n del aire que se produc\u00eda, y nosotros lo estamos devolviendo ahora a la atm\u00f3sfera en muy pocos a\u00f1os.
\n
\nPero como las renovables no son gestionables, solo se pueden meter dentro de la matriz energ\u00e9tica en un \u201cmix\u201d. Por ejemplo: con la hidroel\u00e9ctrica convencional es muy f\u00e1cil, porque cuando sopla el viento o sale el sol, esa demanda se le resta a la hidroel\u00e9ctrica que s\u00ed es gestionable y se ahorra agua. <\/p>\n

Para introducir energ\u00eda renovable a los sistemas el\u00e9ctricos se crearon varios sistemas: uno es el de subastas<\/strong>, parecido al que est\u00e1 llevando a cabo el gobierno argentino, en el que el Gobierno hace la licitaci\u00f3n y se compromete a adjudicar a los m\u00e1s baratos que cumplan las condiciones t\u00e9cnicas y se compromete a comprar toda la energ\u00eda que produzca por un tiempo determinado (en el caso argentino fue por 20 a\u00f1os). Otro es el que se us\u00f3 en Europa<\/strong>, especialmente en Espa\u00f1a y Alemania, el llamado feeding tariff: el Estado dice el precio que est\u00e1 dispuesto a poner de las renovables, y en funci\u00f3n de eso el que quiera hacer una central renovable ya cuenta con el compromiso del Estado de comprarle energ\u00eda a un precio determinado. En este caso, el precio lo pone el regulador, y la cantidad de MW la pone el mercado. Otro sistema es el de los certificados verdes: <\/strong>se obliga a los consumidores a que una parte de su energ\u00eda sea renovable no convencional. Se le pone una multa si no cumplen con eso. Las empresas certifican que compran energ\u00eda limpia y obtienen los certificados verdes. La Argentina tambi\u00e9n est\u00e1 con este sistema, ya que la ley 27.191 establece que para 2018 todos los consumidores deben tener un 8% de su energ\u00eda proveniente de fuentes renovables. Si las cosas andan bien, se va a llegar m\u00e1s r\u00e1pido a esa cuota y el sistema puede ir a n\u00fameros mucho mayores.<\/p>\n

Hoy los grandes consumidores, las industrias, est\u00e1n obligados \u2013y si no lo cumplen pagar\u00e1n una multa\u2013 a utilizar el 8 por ciento de la energ\u00eda que consumen de fuente renovable no convencional. Esa es la obligaci\u00f3n que tienen. Un gran consumidor puede tener su parque propio, que puede estar en su propio predio o en otro predio. Si est\u00e1 en otro predio, tendr\u00e1 que pagar el transporte y la distribuci\u00f3n, y si est\u00e1 en su propio predio no tendr\u00e1 que hacer frente a esos gastos. O tambi\u00e9n puede firmar un contrato con un tercero que hace su parque para vender energ\u00eda a otros privados. Y para cumplir con la ley, muestra ese contrato.<\/p>\n

Con respecto a si la energ\u00eda e\u00f3lica es mejor que la solar, la experiencia dice que la energ\u00eda solar fotovoltaica se da mejor a las necesidades de generaci\u00f3n distribuida; por ejemplo, en un centro comercial va muy bien poner paneles solares en el estacionamiento. En cambio, la energ\u00eda e\u00f3lica se adapta mejor para la megageneraci\u00f3n: si uno quiere comprar grandes cantidades de energ\u00eda, la e\u00f3lica se adapta mejor. Esto es porque en cuanto a las l\u00edneas de transmisi\u00f3n, la e\u00f3lica es m\u00e1s amigable para el transporte que la fotovoltaica. \u00bfPor qu\u00e9? Porque la e\u00f3lica tiene un factor de capacidad m\u00e1s elevado, es decir, la energ\u00eda que va a producir a lo largo del a\u00f1o, en funci\u00f3n de la potencia instalada. Por ejemplo, un parque e\u00f3lico del 50 por ciento de factor de capacidad es un parque e\u00f3lico que por cada MW instalado a lo largo del a\u00f1o es como si produjera en forma plana medio megavatio. Los factores de capacidad de los parques e\u00f3licos argentinos van a andar entre 40 y 50%, y los de las centrales solares entre 15 y 20%. Entonces, las centrales solares consumen mucha red: si se pone un megavatio solar va a producir 1 MW de d\u00eda, pero de noche no va a producir nada. A lo largo del a\u00f1o, es como si produjera entre un 15 y 20% de la potencia instalada de forma constante.<\/p>\n

Cada consumidor deber\u00eda analizar qu\u00e9 es lo que m\u00e1s le conviene.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Fuente: Clean Energy News<\/a>
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The generation of non-conventional renewable energies is produced when there are resources, self-management: it depends on climate variables like the sun and the wind, for example. That is why, non-conventional renewables are so good; they don’t have a variable cost: the resource they use equals to zero. They need an initial investment and then they use natural resources. Furthermore, taking the environment into account, they are very friendly because they don’t emit dioxide carbon (CO2), which causes the \u201cgreenhouse effect\u201d. Nature buried the carbon produced in the air for thousands of years and we are bringing it back to the atmosphere in just a few years.
\n<\/p>\n

As renewables are not always available, they can only be integrated into the power grid as a \u201cmix\u201d. For example: with the conventional hydroelectric power it is very simple, because when the wind blows or the sun shines, that demand is deducted from the hydroelectric power, which is always available, and we save water.<\/p>\n

To integrate renewable energy into the electrical system several systems were created: one is the auctions<\/strong>, similar to the one which the Argentine government is carrying out, in which the government calls for bids and commits to choosing the cheapest companies which comply with all the technical conditions and also to buy all the energy produced in a certain period of time (in the case of Argentina it was 20 years). The other one was used in Europe<\/strong>, especially in Spain and Germany, the so called feeding tariff: the State sets the price of the renewables and according to that, if someone wants to set up a renewable plant, they can count on the commitment of the State to buy the energy at a certain price. In this case, the price is set by the regulator and the amount of MW is set by the market. Another system is the green certificates:<\/strong> the consumers are obliged to partly use non-conventional renewables. They are fined if they don’t. The companies certificate that they buy clean energy and they obtain green certificates. Argentina is also working with that system, since the law 27.191 establishes that by 2018 all consumers will use 8% of the energy they use from renewable sources. If things go well, that percentage can be reached much faster and the system can grow to much bigger numbers.<\/p>\n

Today, large consumers, factories, are obliged-and if they don’t comply with it they have to pay a fine- to use 8% of the energy coming from non-conventional renewable sources. That is the obligation they have. A large consumer can have their own wind farm, that may be located at their own property or somewhere else. If it is somewhere else, they will have to pay for transport and distribution, and if it is located at their property, they won’t have to pay any charges. They can also sign a contract with a third party who builds their wind farm to sell energy to other private companies. And to comply with the law, they must show the contract.<\/p>\n

Whether wind power is better than solar power, experience shows that solar photovoltaic power is better for distributed generation; for example, a shopping mall’s parking lot is an excellent place to install solar panels. On the other hand, wind power adapts better to megageneration: if we want to buy large amounts of energy, wind power adapts better. This is because when we consider transmission lines, wind power is more transport-friendly than the photovoltaic. Why? Because wind power has a higher capacity level, that is, the energy that will be produced throughout the year according to the installed power. For example, a wind farm with the 50% of the capacity factor is a wind farm in which, for every MW installed throughout the year, it is as if half megawatt was produced. Capacity factors at Argentina’s wind farms will work between 40 and 50%, and those of the solar plants between 15 and 20%. Therefore, solar plants consume a lot of grid: if a solar megawatt is installed, it will generate 1 MW during the day, but during the night it won’t generate anything. Throughout the year, it is as if it produced between 15 and 20% of the installed power on a constant basis. Each consumer should analyze what is more convenient for them.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Source: Clean Energy News<\/a>
\n[\/tp]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[tp lang=\u00bbes\u00bb not_in=\u00bben\u00bb] La generaci\u00f3n de energ\u00edas renovables no convencionales se produce cuando hay recursos, se autogestiona, se automaneja: depende de variables clim\u00e1ticas como el sol y el viento, por ejemplo. Por eso, las renovables no convencionales son muy buenas porque no tienen costo variable: el recurso que utilizan equivale a cero. Necesitan una inversi\u00f3n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[41,29,49,17],"tags":[50,77,54,45,68,78],"class_list":["post-466","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-argentina","category-entrevista","category-prensa","category-ventus","tag-argentina","tag-clean-energy","tag-energia","tag-eolica","tag-oscar-ferreno","tag-prensa"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ventus.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/466","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ventus.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ventus.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ventus.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ventus.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=466"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/ventus.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/466\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":481,"href":"https:\/\/ventus.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/466\/revisions\/481"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ventus.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=466"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ventus.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=466"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ventus.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=466"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}