\nColumna Oscar Ferre\u00f1o
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<\/em><\/p>\nComo mencionamos en columnas anteriores, para lograr reducir las emisiones de CO2, los mercados el\u00e9ctricos han recurrido a las Fuentes de Energ\u00eda Renovables No Convencionales (FERNC), en particular a la solar fotovoltaica y a la generaci\u00f3n e\u00f3lica.<\/p>\n
Estas fuentes son variables y no gestionables, lo cual exige la utilizaci\u00f3n de generaci\u00f3n flexible. Sin embargo, tambi\u00e9n podemos recurrir a una demanda flexible y gestionable. Es decir, a una demanda que siga a la generaci\u00f3n variable.<\/p>\n
La paulatina sustituci\u00f3n de los veh\u00edculos impulsados por hidrocarburos f\u00f3siles presenta dos ventajas importantes: la disminuci\u00f3n de las emisiones de CO2 y permitir una mayor gesti\u00f3n de la demanda.<\/p>\n
En efecto, tal como lo demuestra el r\u00e9gimen colombiano de pico y placa la mayor utilizaci\u00f3n vehicular se da entre las 6.30 y 8.30 am, y de 4 a 7.30 pm. Este r\u00e9gimen horario coincide con la menor producci\u00f3n del conjunto de energ\u00edas variables, como lo son la generaci\u00f3n e\u00f3lica y la solar fotovoltaica.<\/p>\n
Al hablar de autom\u00f3viles el\u00e9ctricos, se suele pensar en veh\u00edculos que funcionan con bater\u00eda. Estos repondr\u00e1n la carga de sus bater\u00edas en las horas nocturnas y, eventualmente, al mediod\u00eda. Es decir, se desplazar\u00e1n en las horas de menor producci\u00f3n de generaci\u00f3n variable, y se cargar\u00e1n en las horas de m\u00e1xima producci\u00f3n. Los autom\u00f3viles a bater\u00eda son los m\u00e1s adecuados para el transporte ciudadano.<\/p>\n
Incluso se podr\u00eda avizorar que un veh\u00edculo ciudadano, al final del d\u00eda, a\u00fan posee un remanente de carga, la cual podr\u00eda volcarse a la red al final de la jornada y as\u00ed disminuir la demanda en las horas pico, que suele coincidir con las primeras horas de la noche.<\/p>\n
Tambi\u00e9n existe otro tipo de veh\u00edculo el\u00e9ctrico que en lugar de bater\u00edas, toma la energ\u00eda el\u00e9ctrica de una celda de combustible, usualmente alimentada con hidr\u00f3geno. Estos veh\u00edculos se adaptan mejor a los trayectos que requieren gran autonom\u00eda (m\u00e1s de 500 km), se recargan en pocos minutos, y son mejor para el transporte de grandes cargas debido al bajo peso relativo de la celda de combustible y los tanques de hidr\u00f3geno, respecto a las bater\u00edas.<\/p>\n
Lo interesante es que el hidr\u00f3geno que puede propulsar a estos veh\u00edculos se puede producir con unidades de gasto el\u00e9ctrico variable, que se alimentan con FERNC tambi\u00e9n variable, por lo que es otra forma en que la demanda puede seguir a la generaci\u00f3n variable.<\/p>\n
Los veh\u00edculos el\u00e9ctricos, ya sean a bater\u00eda o de celdas de combustible, son m\u00e1s eficientes que los veh\u00edculos convencionales, sobre todo en la movilidad ciudadana y en carreteras con gran pendiente como las que existen en Colombia, debido a que los veh\u00edculos el\u00e9ctricos consumen energ\u00eda s\u00f3lo cuando est\u00e1 en movimiento y adem\u00e1s puede recuperar energ\u00eda con relativa facilidad en la fase de frenado.<\/p>\n
Desde hace m\u00e1s de 100 a\u00f1os nuestra sociedad convive con una econom\u00eda de dos mercados: el de hidrocarburos y el el\u00e9ctrico. Estamos en la antesala de un cambio profundo que ser\u00e1 la unificaci\u00f3n de estos dos mercados en uno solo, que derivar\u00e1n en muy bajas o nulas emisiones de carb\u00f3n. Las FERNC traer\u00e1n abundancia de energ\u00eda el\u00e9ctrica libre de emisiones, en proporciones mucho mayores que la necesidad del mercado el\u00e9ctrico actual. Sus excedentes podr\u00e1n ser utilizados para cargar bater\u00edas o producir hidr\u00f3geno verde para ser utilizados en movilidad el\u00e9ctrica, u otros servicios industriales.<\/p>\n
Por lo anteriormente mencionado, la combinaci\u00f3n de un mercado el\u00e9ctrico alimentado con FERNC, y la utilizaci\u00f3n de movilidad el\u00e9ctrica (ya sea por bater\u00eda o hidr\u00f3geno), representa una alianza perfecta para disminuir las emisiones de gases del efecto invernadero.<\/p>\n
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As we mentioned in previous articles, in order to reduce CO2 emissions, electricity markets have turned to Non-Conventional Renewable Energy Sources (FERNC), in particular to solar and wind generation.<\/p>\n
These sources are variable and unmanageable, which requires the use of flexible generation. However, we can also use a flexible and manageable demand. That is, to a demand that follows the variable generation.<\/p>\n
The gradual replacement of vehicles powered by fossil hydrocarbons has two important advantages: reducing CO2 emissions and allowing better demand management.<\/p>\n
Indeed, as the Colombian peak and license plate regime shows, the highest vehicular use occurs between 6.30 and 8.30 am, and from 4 to 7.30 pm. This hourly regime coincides with the lowest production of the set of variable energies, such as wind and solar generation.<\/p>\n
When talking about electric cars, one often thinks of battery-powered vehicles. These will replenish the charge of your batteries at night and, eventually, at noon. This means they will move in the hours of lower production of variable generation, and they will be loaded in the hours of maximum production. Battery-powered cars are best suited for public transportation.<\/p>\n
It could even be envisioned that a citizen vehicle, at the end of the day, still has a remaining charge, which could be turned over to the grid at the end of the day and thus reduce demand at peak hours, which usually coincide with the first hours of the night.<\/p>\n
There is also another type of electric vehicle that, instead of batteries, takes electrical energy from a fuel cell, usually powered by hydrogen. These vehicles are better adapted to journeys that require long autonomy (more than 500 km), recharge in a few minutes, and are better for transporting large loads due to the low relative weight of the fuel cell and hydrogen tanks, regarding batteries.<\/p>\n
It is interesting to highlight that hydrogen can propel these vehicles can be produced with units of variable electricity consumption, which are fed with also variable FERNC, so it is another way in which demand can follow variable generation.<\/p>\n
Electric vehicles, whether battery-powered or fuel cell, are more efficient than conventional vehicles, especially in citizen mobility and on steep roads such as those in Colombia, because electric vehicles only consume energy when it is in motion and it can also recover energy relatively easily in the braking phase.<\/p>\n
For more than 100 years, our society has coexisted with an economy of two markets: hydrocarbons and electricity. We are on the threshold of a profound change that will be the unification of these two markets into one, which will result in very low or zero carbon emissions. The FERNCs will bring an abundance of emission-free electrical energy, in proportions much greater than the current electricity market need. Its surpluses may be used to charge batteries or produce green hydrogen to be used in electric mobility, or other industrial services.<\/p>\n
Due to the aforementioned, the combination of an electricity market powered by FERNC, and the use of electric mobility (whether by battery or hydrogen), represents a perfect alliance to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
[tp lang=\u00bbes\u00bb not_in=\u00bben\u00bb] Fuente: Revista Mundo El\u00e9ctrico Columna Oscar Ferre\u00f1o Como mencionamos en columnas anteriores, para lograr reducir las emisiones de CO2, los mercados el\u00e9ctricos han recurrido a las Fuentes de Energ\u00eda Renovables No Convencionales (FERNC), en particular a la solar fotovoltaica y a la generaci\u00f3n e\u00f3lica. Estas fuentes son variables y no gestionables, lo […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2171","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sin-categoria"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ventus.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2171","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ventus.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ventus.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ventus.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ventus.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2171"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/ventus.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2171\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2174,"href":"https:\/\/ventus.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2171\/revisions\/2174"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ventus.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2171"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ventus.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2171"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ventus.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2171"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}