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Columna de Opini\u00f3n. <\/em>\nFuente: Energ\u00eda Estrat\u00e9gica<\/em><\/p>\n
Los Mercados El\u00e9ctricos Latinoamericanos tienen poco m\u00e1s de 100 a\u00f1os de existencia. Tan solo 10 a\u00f1os atr\u00e1s esta regi\u00f3n se alimentaba casi exclusivamente, y como hab\u00eda ocurrido desde su origen, con centrales hidroel\u00e9ctricas de gran porte y centrales t\u00e9rmicas alimentadas por combustibles f\u00f3siles.<\/p>\n
Impulsada por una toma de conciencia ambiental frente a la evidencia de los efectos del cambio clim\u00e1tico y tambi\u00e9n por\u00a0 las incertidumbres sobre\u00a0 los costos de los combustibles f\u00f3siles siempre asociados a cuestiones geopol\u00edticas, comenzaron\u00a0 a surgir, al principio muy\u00a0 t\u00edmidamente, las llamadas Energ\u00edas Renovables No Convencionales (ERNC).<\/p>\n
Este t\u00e9rmino ERNC incluye a la energ\u00eda e\u00f3lica, a la solar (tanto fotovoltaica como t\u00e9rmica) a la biomasa, a la geot\u00e9rmica y a la mini hidr\u00e1ulica.<\/p>\n
Por sus caracter\u00edsticas intr\u00ednsecas de ser autodespachable o autogestionable, debido a depender de un recurso natural no almacenable, se las vio desde un principio con capacidad solamente marginal para contribuir a la soluci\u00f3n de los problemas energ\u00e9ticos. Incluso autoridades que\u00a0 las impulsaban dec\u00edan frases como \u201cno pretendemos que sea la soluci\u00f3n definitiva, pero s\u00ed que hagan su contribuci\u00f3n al desarrollo energ\u00e9tico\u201d.<\/p>\n
El advenimiento de las ERNC vino de la mano de algunos mitos que actuaron como barreras para su desarrollo, entre ellos se pueden mencionar:<\/p>\n
- \n
- Que la energ\u00eda producida es de mala calidad y solo puede introducirse en forma parcial o marginal.<\/li>\n
- Que se trata de una forma de generaci\u00f3n muy costosa.<\/li>\n
- Que las variaciones de potencia horaria son muy bruscas y la hacen ingobernable.<\/li>\n
- Que las ERNC \u201cconsumen\u201d mucha red de transmisi\u00f3n<\/li>\n
- Que siempre precisan gran cantidad de respaldo firme. Por cada\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 MW e\u00f3lico que se instale es necesario instalar\u00a0 un MW t\u00e9rmico y\u00a0 de funcionamiento muy flexible (turbinas de gas\u00a0 y motores).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Sin embargo, poco a poco las ERNC, asociadas a un gran avance tecnol\u00f3gico, fueron derribando esas barreras o mitos.<\/p>\n
Hoy nadie duda de la calidad de energ\u00eda que producen las ERNC. De hecho, han vuelto obsoletas normas creadas para controlar los perjuicios que ellas tra\u00edan a los sistemas el\u00e9ctricos.<\/p>\n
Las subastas realizadas en los pa\u00edses de la regi\u00f3n han demostrado que son muy competitivas desde el punto de vista econ\u00f3mico.<\/p>\n
Su asociaci\u00f3n en la operaci\u00f3n conjunta con centrales hidroel\u00e9ctricas y su dispersi\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica han eliminado el problema de las variaciones de potencia, demostrando que las hidroel\u00e9ctricas convencionales y las ERNC forman un \u201cmatrimonio ideal\u201d.<\/p>\n
Los factores de capacidad alcanzados por las ERNC son similares a los de las hidroel\u00e9ctricas (raz\u00f3n de ser de los sistemas de transmisi\u00f3n) por lo que son perfectamente compatibles con los sistemas de transmisi\u00f3n existentes y adem\u00e1s, debido a que generalmente se trata de generaci\u00f3n distribuida, contribuyen a aliviar la congesti\u00f3n en el transporte.<\/p>\n
En algunos pa\u00edses los reglamentos que regulan los mercados el\u00e9ctricos no reconocen potencia firme de las ERNC, porque consideran que no la tienen en el sentido convencional. Lo cierto es que colaboran en forma sustancial en disminuir las necesidades de potencia firme de los sistemas que integran, aumentando la confiabilidad de los mismos, raz\u00f3n de ser de la definici\u00f3n y exigencia de potencia firme. M\u00e1s all\u00e1 de esto, existen otros pa\u00edses que s\u00ed tienen reglamentos que asignan potencia firme a las renovables, en algunos casos equivalente a su factor de capacidad.<\/p>\n
Por otro lado, la dispersi\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica de las ERNC disminuye las variaciones de su producci\u00f3n, aumentando su \u201cfirmeza\u201d y haciendo necesario la existencia de interconexiones internacionales.<\/p>\n
Basado en mi experiencia personal de casi 40 a\u00f1os lidiando con la operaci\u00f3n de centrales de generaci\u00f3n de tipo muy variado, estoy convencido que el futuro de Am\u00e9rica Latina puede ser 100 % renovable, y que el puente para llegar a esta situaci\u00f3n es el gas natural. Argentina posee en abundancia estos dos recursos, por lo que esta transici\u00f3n est\u00e1 asegurada y conf\u00edo que va a ser m\u00e1s corto de lo que se cree.<\/p>\n
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\n<\/p>\nOpinion Column<\/em>
\nSource: Energ\u00eda Estrat\u00e9gica<\/em><\/p>\nThe Latin American Electric Markets are just over 100 years old. Only 10 years ago this region was fed almost exclusively with large hydroelectric plants and thermal power plants powered by fossil fuels.<\/p>\n
Driven by an awareness of the environment, due to the effects of climate change and also by uncertainties about the costs of fossil fuels always associated with geopolitical issues, Non-Conventional Renewable Energies began to emerge at first very slowly. (NCRE).<\/p>\n
NCRE include wind energy, solar energy (both photovoltaic and thermal), biomass, geothermal and mini-hydro.<\/p>\n
Due to their particular characteristics of being self-disposable or self-managed, due to their dependence on a non-storable natural resource, they were percived from the outset with only marginal capacity to contribute to the solution of energy problems. Even authorities that drove them said phrases like \u00abwe do not intend renewable energies to be the definitive solution, but they do make their contribution to energy development\u00bb.<\/p>\n
At first, there were some myths that acted as barriers to the development of NCRE. Among them we can mention:<\/p>\n
- \n
- The energy produced is of poor quality and can only be introduced partially or marginally.<\/li>\n
- It is a very expensive generation form.<\/li>\n
- The variations in hourly power are very abrupt and make it ungovernable.<\/li>\n
- NCRE \u00abconsume\u00bb a lot of transmission network<\/li>\n
- They require a large amount of firm support. For each MW installed it is necessary to install a thermal MW and very flexible operation (gas turbines and motors).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
However, little by little the NCREs, associated with a great technological advance, those barriers or myths were demolished.<\/p>\n
Today nobody doubts the quality of energy produced by the NCRE. In fact, standards created to control the damages that they brought to the electrical systems have become obsolete.<\/p>\n
The auctions held in the countries of the region have shown that they are very competitive, including from the economic point of view.<\/p>\n
Their association in the joint operation with hydroelectric power plants and their geographical dispersion have eliminated the problem of power variations, demonstrating that conventional hydroelectric power plants and NCREs form an \u00abideal marriage\u00bb.<\/p>\n
The capacity factors reached by the NCRE are similar to those of the hydroelectric plants, so they are perfectly compatible with the existing transmission systems and also, since it is generally distributed generation, they help decrease congestion in transportation.<\/p>\n
In some countries, regulations in electricity markets do not recognize firm power of NCREs, because they consider that they do not provide it in a conventional sense. The certain thing is that they collaborate in a substantial way in diminishing the needs of firm power of the systems that integrate. Beyond this, there are other countries that do have regulations that assign firm power to renewable energies, in some cases equivalent to their capacity factor.<\/p>\n
On the other hand, the geographic dispersion of the NCRE reduces the variations in their production, increasing their \u00abfirmness\u00bb and making necessary the existence of international interconnections.<\/p>\n
Based on my personal experience of almost 40 years dealing with the operation of generation plants of very varied type, I am convinced that the future of Latin America can be 100% renewable, and that the bridge to reach this situation is natural gas. Argentina has these two resources in abundance, so this transition is assured and I trust that it will be shorter than expected.<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
[tp lang=\u00bbes\u00bb not_in=\u00bben\u00bb] Columna de Opini\u00f3n. Fuente: Energ\u00eda Estrat\u00e9gica Los Mercados El\u00e9ctricos Latinoamericanos tienen poco m\u00e1s de 100 a\u00f1os de existencia. Tan solo 10 a\u00f1os atr\u00e1s esta regi\u00f3n se alimentaba casi exclusivamente, y como hab\u00eda ocurrido desde su origen, con centrales hidroel\u00e9ctricas de gran porte y centrales t\u00e9rmicas alimentadas por combustibles f\u00f3siles. Impulsada por una […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[41,31,59,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1445","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-argentina","category-recurso-eolico","category-recurso-solar","category-sin-categoria"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ventus.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1445","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ventus.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ventus.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ventus.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ventus.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1445"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/ventus.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1445\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1447,"href":"https:\/\/ventus.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1445\/revisions\/1447"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ventus.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1445"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ventus.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1445"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ventus.global\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1445"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}